Maintaining the Home:
Interior Maintenance
Selecting Fabrics for Home Furnishings
Never before has there been such a variety of fibers, colors, designs and textures to select from in home furnishing fabrics. Because of this, the selection of home furnishing fabrics may be an exciting adventure or a depressing nightmare for the home owner.
Selection Requires Planning
To select the appropriate fabrics for home furnishings projects, you need to plan ahead. Carefully consider your needs by answering these basic questions:
- What is the fabric to be used for?
- What kind of atmosphere do you want to create?
- Who will be using the item you are making?
- Are there colors, textures and/or designs you prefer to use? To avoid?
- How will the item be cleaned—home laundry? Dry cleaners?
After you have the answers to these questions, you are ready to make a selection from the wide variety of fabrics available to you.
What Type of Fabrics?
For clues to selecting appropriate fabrics for your home furnishings projects, check the "Suggested Fabrics" section of the pattern envelope. If you are not using a commercial pattern, look at similar furnishings on display in department or furniture stores for fabric ideas.
Fabrics designed especially for home furnishings can be found in most fabric stores. Fabric designs are often large and have a specific direction of nap in the design. The width is usually 48 inches or wider to facilitate cutting large pattern pieces. Knitted fabrics are increasingly popular for home furnishings because of width, ease of sewing and fiber content.
As you shop, look at the fabric construction. Be sure it is tightly woven or knitted. Avoid fabrics that have excessive sizing (a starch filler) or a coating on the wrong side that may give them such an appearance. They will not wear well. Remember that loosely knitted or woven fabrics and satin weaves are not very durable and tend to show wear quickly.
For durability, select heavy fabrics, such as corduroy, poplin, denim, tapestry, duck, quilted fabrics and fake fur. For projects that will receive less wear, select from medium or light-weight upholstery fabrics. You may use apparel fabrics for some home furnishing projects, but select carefully according to fiber content, weave and fabric finishes.
Fiber content is important
Consider the purpose of the fabric. If it will receive considerable wear, select a strong fabric with good abrasion resistance. Use less durable fibers for furnishings that receive less wear. Select the fiber content of fabrics carefully for these qualities (Table 1).
It is important to review the general characteristics of a variety of popular fibers before making your selection.
Special finishes
Many fabrics have special finishes, which make them suitable for home furnishings. Check Table 2 to determine what characteristics are found in fabrics with selected finishes.
Such finishes will add to the usefulness of home furnishings and to their ease of care.
| Table 1. General fiber characteristics | |
| Fiber | Characteristics |
| Cotton | Soft, easy to clean, durable, launders well, dyes easily. May lint, creases and wrinkles unless specially finished; subject to mildew. |
| Linen | Strong, durable. Dyes easily, but colors may run in washing. Somewhat stiff, wrinkles, and may shrink unless specially finished. Requires ironing unless treated. |
| Wool | Resilient, resists wrinkling, dyes well, water repellent, flame resistant, but is susceptible to moths and carpet beetles unless specially treated. |
| Acetate | Weaker than most fibers, lustrous appearance, drapes well, colors may fume-fade, weakened by sunlight, poor abrasion resistance. |
| Acrylic | Weak when wet, resists abrasion and wrinkling, dyes well, some tend to pill, accumulates static electricity. |
| Modacrylic | Resists wrinkling, soft, resilient, noncombustible, dyes well, accumulates static electricity. |
| Nylon | Strong and elastic, washes easily, resists abrasion, dyes well, but sun will fade, resists wrinkles, moths. May pill, nonabsorbent, but tends to attract dirt. |
| Olefin | Strong, resists abrasion, lightweight, free from pilling, fast-drying, resists soil, nonabsorbent. |
| Polyester | Strong, easy care, resists wrinkles, abrasion, stretching and shrinking; dyes easily, holds color well, may pill; attracts lint, accumulates static electricity, nonabsorbent. |
| Rayon | Weaker than most fibers, especially when wet. Soft, comfortable, dyes well usually, may shrink or stretch unless treated, affected by sunlight, wrinkles easily. |
| Glass | Strong, weather and sun resistant, resists moths, mildew and many chemicals, sheds dust and soil, but has low abrasion resistance. |
| Table 2. Fabric finishes | |
| Fiber | Characteristics |
| Durable or Permanent Press | Fabric needs little or no ironing when properly washed and dryer dried; relatively wrinkle free in use. Finish tends to hold oily stains unless specially treated. |
| Soil Release | Fabric is more easily wetted to facilitate detergent action in washing to release soil. Used with durable press finish. Does not prevent stains. |
| Water Repellant | Fabric repels water and water-based stains. Does not waterproof fabric. |
| Soil and Stain Repellant | Repels water and oil-based stains. |
| Flame Retardant | Ignited fabric will self-extinguish when source of flame is removed. Requires special laundering procedure to maintain effectiveness. |
| Crease, Wrinkle Resistant | Fabric wrinkles less than normal. Applied to cotton, linen, rayon and blends. Tends to retain oil-borne stains. |
| Shrinkage Control | Fabric shrinkage limited to specific amount—1 percent, 2 percent, etc. Does not guarantee no shrinkage, therefore, preshrink fabric before use. |
Some cautions
After you have narrowed your choice to three or four fabrics, check for correct grain-line and on-grain printing.
The fabric should be woven so that the lengthwise and crosswise grains cross at right angles. If the fabric is knitted, the ribs should be parallel to the selvage on the right side of the fabric. Occasionally, fabric is finished off-grain when a special finish is applied (i.e., wrinkle resistant, durable press, etc.). If this occurs, the grain-line position cannot be corrected. This will make matching of stripes and plaids difficult; avoid such fabrics.
Frequently, designs on the fabric are printed off-grain. The design may slant to one side or bow, when the design curves up or down in the center of the fabric. If the design is off-grain, it will be difficult to match the fabric design in an attractive way or to cut the item on the correct grain-line.
To check for these problems, study the fabric design along each selvage of the fabric to be sure it is parallel. Then study the crosswise design of the fabric; it should be perpendicular to the selvages.
This material was adapted from publications produced by New Mexico State University.
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